Gonadotropin-releasing hormone promotes ovarian cancer cell invasiveness through c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase-mediated activation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9.

Cell Invasiveness through c-Jun NH Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Promotes Ovarian Cancer

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor is present in 80% of ovarian cancer, and numerous studies have provided evidence for a role of GnRH in cell proliferation. In this study, the effect of GnRH on the invasion potential of ovarian cancer cells was investigated. In vitro migration and cell invasion assays with the ovarian cancer cell lines Caov-3 and OVCAR-3 revealed the biphasic natur...

Author's response to reviews Title: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone type II (GnRH-II) agonist regulates the invasiveness of endometrial cancer cells through the GnRH-I receptor and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-dependent activation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 Authors:

Gonadotropins induce tumor cell migration and invasion by increasing cyclooxygenases expression and prostaglandin E(2) production in human ovarian cancer cells.

Gonadotropins (FSH and LH) are detectable in ovarian tumor fluid, suggesting a possible role for gonadotropins in ovarian carcinogenesis and progression. However, the molecular mechanisms behind the role of gonadotropins in ovarian cancer development are unknown. Cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, COX-1 and COX-2, play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of human malignancies. The purpose of the curre...

Inhibition of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase by SB 203580 blocks PMA-induced Mr 92,000 type IV collagenase secretion and in vitro invasion.

Although the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) has been implicated in signal transduction events, its role in regulating the Mr 92,000 type IV collagenase matrix metalloprotease-9 (MMP-9) and in vitro invasiveness in cancer has not yet been determined. We made the surprising observation that, in a human squamous cell carcinoma cell line (UM-SCC-1), phorbol ester-enhanced MMP-9 secreti...

GnRH I and II up-regulate MMP-26 expression through the JNK pathway in human cytotrophoblasts

BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinase-26 (MMP-26), one of the main mediators of extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, has been shown to exist in trophoblasts of human placenta and to play a role in trophoblast cell invasion. However, little is known about the regulation of MMP-26 expression in human trophoblasts. Recently, gonadotropin-releasing hormone I (GnRH I) and GnRH II have been shown to...